Consumer Behavior and Marketing Concepts Paper.

Consumer Behavior and Marketing Concepts Paper. IntroductionMany large companies have developed "disaster plans" for responding to crisis situations. These typically include plans for evacuations and cleanup, policies for public relations, and strategies to protect the company from legal action. The management field is directing increasing attention to crisis response and the importance of planning.Following a corporate scandal, managers who acknowledge they have problems and launch communication programs to repair their tarnished reputations stand the best chance of rehabilitating a tainted brand or corporate imageOnce the connection was made between the Tylenol capsules and the reported deaths, public announcements were made warning people about the consumption of the product. Johnson Johnson was faced with the dilemma of the best way to deal with the problem without destroying the reputation of the company and its most profitable product.Tylenol, the then leading U.S. pain-killing medicine, faced a catastrophic crisis when sev en people in Chicago were reported dead after taking extra-strength Tylenol capsules.[Portrait of Bunk Johnson and Maude Johnson, Stuyv...It was reported that an unknown suspect put 65 milligrams of deadly cyanide into Tylenol capsules, 10,000 times more than what is necessary to kill a human. Tylenol was generally credited with dealing with the problem in a textbook-like manner and was applauded for taking the necessary proactive steps to do the right thing and save the product.Internal and External PublicsThe target audiences (internal and external publics) in this crisis management campaign included Johnson Johnson employee's neighbors, consumers, customers, stockholders, the media, and suppliers.Although Johnson Johnson knew they were not responsible for the tampering of the product, they assumed responsibility by ensuring public safety first and recalled all of their capsules from the market. In fact, in February of 1986, when a woman was reported dead from cyanide poisoning in Tylenol capsules, Johnson Johnson permanently removed...

Can You Take the SAT Online A Guide to Computerized Testing

Can You Take the SAT Online A Guide to Computerized Testing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As appealing as the option might sound, you can’t take the SAT online- it must be administered on paper at a designated test center. However, there are a lot of SAT prep resources available online and some alternate testing options for those who are unable to take the test under standard circumstances. This post will explain when it will be possible to take the SAT on a computer and what that will look like, as well as what resources are open to you in the meantime. The Current Online Testing Situation The SAT is not currently offered online, but the College Board is supposedly planning to offera computerized version of the redesigned 2016 testat some point in the future. There are no concrete dates as of yet. The ACT has already started administering some tests on the computer, though so far only through school districts. If you sign up for the test yourself, you'll still be taking it on paper. Despite thesechanges, there’s unlikely to ever be at-home online testing (at least not any time soon). For one thing, it would be impossible to guarantee that the testing experience is standardized. (Of course there’s some variation between testing rooms, but it’s much less than the variation between people’s homes.) More importantly, it would be really, really easy to cheat. What Computerized TestingWill Look Like We've covered howonline testing won't work, but you might still be wondering what taking the SAT on a computerwillbe like. Though it's impossible to know for sure, I'll offer some predictions based on the computerized ACT and GRE. You'll Still Have a Set Test Date and Location Assuming that the College Board uses the same structure as ACT, Inc., the computerized testwill be administered at set test centers and on specific dates. You'll use the test center's computers, which will be set up to lock out all programs except the test, and you'll be expectedto follow all the same rules that apply to the SAT now (no cellphones!). It Will Look a Lot Like the Khan Academy Practice Tests As I'll describe in more depth below, the College Board has partnered with Khan Academy to provide free SAT practice online, including online practice tests. The formatis very similar to the GRE, a computerized test also administered by ETS. See the images below to get a sense of the format. Reading Youcan see the total time in the top left and the time remaining in the top right. Each page includes one passage (on the left) and its associated questions (on the right). On the bottom, directions are on the left and navigation is on the right. Writing Writing looks pretty much the same as Reading - just slightly different introductory text. Math Since there are no passages, each math question is on its own page. There's also more information in the bottom left, including a link to the formulas provided with the test. You'll Use a Word Processor for the Essay Probably the biggest upside of taking the SAT on a computeris the ability to type the essay. This can be hugely helpful to students who are more comfortable on the computer,but keep in mind that,unlike a regular word processor, the testwon't automatically check your spelling or grammar. As you can see,the computerized SAT ultimatelywon't bethat different from its paper incarnation. SAT Resources That Are Available Online Even though you can’t take the actual test online, the College Board offers tons of SAT information and resources on their website. You can: Register for the test View your score report Send scores to colleges Trypractice problems The College Board also offers a free test prep program through Khan Academy. It includesfull official practice tests, extrapractice questions, and helpful math review videos. Unfortunately, it doesn't offer much guidance for the reading and writing sections, so I would recommend supplementing it with a more strategy-focused guide. There are also a lot of unofficial SAT materials, of varying quality, available online. PrepScholar has both excellent free resources (just scroll through the topics on the right sidebar to find what you're looking for) and a best-in-class adaptive SAT prep program. TestingAccommodations If you were hoping to take the ACT online because you have a learning difficulty or physical disability or cannot reach any of the available test centers, the College Board offers accommodations that can make the test more manageable for you. If You Struggle With the Paper Test If you have a learning disability, visual impairment, or other condition that makes the paper format of the test challenging for you, you may qualify for SSD accommodations. Thesecan include using a larger bubble sheet, taking the essaysection on a computer, or even having a scribe record your answers for you. If You Can’t Reach a Test Center If the nearest SAT testing center is more than 75 miles from your home, you can request testing closer to your home. Should the College Board grant your request, they'll set up a more conveniently located testing center. Keep in mind that there are some exceptions: you can't request closer-to-home testing when registering lateor in India and Pakistan. What's Next? Do you have other questions about registering for the SAT? Check out our full guide to the process (with pictures), read up on the admission ticket, and learn how much the test costs. Make sure you know what to expect on test day, including how long the test takes, the test instructions, and the rules you must follow. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Alex Heimbach About the Author Alex is an experienced tutor and writer. Over the past five years, she has worked with almost a hundred students and written about pop culture for a wide range of publications. She graduated with honors from University of Chicago, receiving a BA in English and Anthropology, and then went on to earn an MA at NYU in Cultural Reporting and Criticism. In high school, she was a National Merit Scholar, took 12 AP tests and scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and ACT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Topic Paper # 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Topic Paper # 1 - Essay Example A Cochlear Implant is an electronic device which is implanted in the cochlea of the ear and is connected to a microphone on the outside through a speech processor and a transmitter. It works by converting sound vibrations into electrical stimuli, which provides a sensation of sound. Cochlear Implants are primarily recommended for those with a severe to profound hearing disorder. Among children and infants, a Cochlear Implant can help develop speech and communication skills. However, due to the long period of therapy required, its candidacy has to be determined on an individual basis and there is disagreement over its suitability for autistic children. Most cases of hearing impairment are due to loss of hair cell receptors in the inner ear, which limits the cochlea’s ability to transduce sound information from the environment to neural transmissions that can be interpreted by the central nervous system as auditory sensations (Copeland & Pillsbury, 2004). Since in such cases the nervous elements that transmit information from the cochlea to the brain remain intact, a Cochlear Implant is a viable option. The actual surgery to implant a cochlear implant is performed on an outpatient basis and requires about two to three hours of general anesthesia. However, once the prosthesis is implanted in the cochlea, there is an extensive process requiring aural habilitation with inputs from experienced audiologists and speech and language experts. Also, since the entire circuitry remains permanently attached to the patients, patients are required to take a number of precautions to avoid damage to the delicate device. The FDA-approved minimum age of implantation is one year. It is difficult to implant the device in younger children due to difficulty in properly testing the hearing in such young patients. Another concern is with patients suffering from multiple

Module 5 TD-HRM 401 - Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Module 5 TD-HRM 401 - Recruitment - Essay Example Such may include a situation in which an employee has given out some confidential information regarding an investigation into the conduct of an employee by government authorities (Friedman, 2005). Employers need to take several actions that are aimed at minimizing retaliation actions such as coming up with policies against retaliation, proper communication with the employees who are making complaints at a personal level or in a staff meeting, ensuring confidentiality on any complaint that has been raised by the employees as well as proper documentation of any complaint brought up by the employees. Employers need to further offer training to the employee so as to make them to clearly understand what actions constitutes retaliation and how to respond when such occurs. The trainings should be aimed at offering counselling opportunities to the affected employees so as to boost their morale even as they strive to make their genuine concerns to be

Psychology, Theology, and Sprituality in Christian Counseling Essay Example for Free

Psychology, Theology, and Sprituality in Christian Counseling Essay In his conceptual book, Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling (1996), McMinn presents a convincing presentation of a multitasking counselor who has developed a niche in the counseling world. New age Christian counselors have developed simultaneous skills that embark on the areas of psychology, theology, and spirituality. This begins our journey down the path of understanding how values and perspectives can be changed as a result of a well rounded, multitasking Christian counselor. With life illustrations and brief counseling scenarios throughout this book, McMinn (1996) provides the reader with an excellent working model of identifying and relating life experiences to Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality. The opposition of modern psychology and theology practices is delivering different contemporary messages concerning mental health. Psychologist Albert Ellis wrote, â€Å"The emotionally healthy individual should primarily be true to himself and not masochistically sacrifice himself for others.† Versus Christian spirituality that identifies and states in scripture that as individuals we are instructed to look out for the interest of others (Phil. 2:4) and to prefer one another in honor (Rom 12:10) (McMinn, 1996). As McMinn works through the concepts of integrating these three distinct disciplines, Christian counseling becomes more complex and multifaceted. Christian counselors set their eyes upon God with an individual’s spiritual growth and mental health in their mind. In addition to placing the pieces of a battered mental health condition focus to the forefront, their client’s eternity of life and knowledge of God is an important piece of the puzzle. A more detailed perspective of psychological and spiritual health, allows every individual to recognize their responsibility to God, to their family and friends and to themselves. As humans, we must understand and have a healthy awareness of brokenness to allow ourselves to experience grace and hope in the midst of our walk on this earth through life’s trials and tribulations with Jesus Christ. Integrating psychology, theology, and spirituality in addition to the niche of multitasking, all three disciplines in unison takes time, energy, loyalty, and dedication of the counseling profession. In the last two thirds of this book, McMinn uses prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption to show us a glimpse of the counseling world. The problem with sin is that it separates us from God; the wonder of redemption is that individuals are brought back into relationship with God. (McMinn, 1996, p. 265). A redemptive Christian counselor has humility and compassion and experiences God’s grace with gratitude. Scripture yanks people out of the grips of sin as a redemptive God shines through. Those who deny sin see no need for spiritual redemption. Confession, allows us to acknowledge our sin and our desperate need for help and through the grace of God we receive forgiveness and experience redemption. Once our affections turn to God, our prayer will never be the same. Our lives will be completed changed and everlasting. â€Å"Bless the Lord, O my Soul, and do not forget all his benefits-who forgives all your iniquity, who heals all your diseases, who redeems your life from the pit, who crowns you with steadfast love and mercy, who satisfies you with good as long as you live so that your youth is renewed like the e agle’s†(Ps. 103:2-5). Response Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.† As I had struggled throughout my chaotic childhood dealing with the presence of alcohol, drugs, fighting, and uncertain living conditions in my circle of life, I developed the ability to discern which people were right for me in my life. My perception of family was skewed. At the age of 7, I lost my grandfather and life’s losses of my protectors continued until 2004 with the death of my first husband Dale. My life was over. My family was a mess. I had just started a new church and I wasn’t sure where God was in my life. My father in law, who preached my husband’s funeral, started providing Christian guidance and support as a lay counselor. We prayed and shared scripture together. At the age of 33, I learned the true meaning of prayer. I knew how to pray and I knew how humbled I had been in my prayers for Dale. In the kindness of his God filled heart, he taught me that humility allows us to see God’s word. As I study and read my Bible, I continue to learn the importance of a Christian family for support and guidance and the necessity to share the story of Jesus Christ. My father in law stepped out in faith to help turn my life around. Through his obedience, I work to help others who are hurting find the power of prayer and scripture in their times of heartache. Reflection As I read through Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling (McMinn, 1996), a highlighter was used to mark special passages I needed to keep in the forefront of this class. There are so many key notes to remember in the text, the book was turning a nice shade of yellow. Anyone who is starting out in the counseling field should be required to read this book. McMinn does an excellent job of showing the reader how to integrate our Christian faith and spirituality into the secular world with real life reflections. Christian counselors want to follow the will of God and McMinn provides the examples, guidance, and techniques on how to incorporate God into the counseling session. The major drawback with this work concerns the conclusion. Throughout the reading, it is apparent McMinn is preparing the counselor to learn the skill of multi-tasking. In two pages, McMinn summarizes the whole book. The most important part of integrating the three diverse areas of studies is profound enough for him to provide a greater level of detail to the new counselor concerning the background of multitasking. Success lies in the strategy that is used in multitasking these three distinct practices and beliefs. In dealing with the secular world, this skill is a necessity to bring all three disciplines together. Action I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves. â€Å"Be on your guard against men; they will hand you over to the local councils and flog you in their synagogues. On my account you will be brought before governors and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles. But when they arrest you, do not worry about what to say or how to say it. At that time you will be given what to say; for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. (Matthew 10:16-20). God has given me back tenfold since the loss of my first husband. I have established myself as a praying respiratory therapist at UVA. As Jesus calls me into the counseling field, he is preparing me for the secular world. In my environment, people are at the lowest points of their lives. I use Gods calling on my heart and spirit to reach out in Christian love to these individuals and families. God places pastors, judges, professional basketball players, the rich, the homeless, the curable, the dying, in my path for a reason and a purpose. Life is simple when you are obedient. Go where God calls you. The people I come into contact with are not by accident. I minister to their hearts through their illness and time of need. I pray for God to give me the strength and the right words of his will to deliver to the sick and their families. I pray for each individual that crosses my path to find the love of Jesus Christ and meet him in heaven to spend an everlasting life with our father.

Sikh Pride :: essays research papers

"Cut your hair, already", some fifth graders said as they pushed me against the hard brick wall. I tried to argue with them, but then one of them punched me in the gut. I fell to the ground crying. I remember feeling so confused, trying to figure out what had I done to them. People started crowding around, to see what was happening. Almost all the kids laughed at me, the older kids laughed because they were mean and the smaller ones laughed to fit in. Luckily, the bell rang and recess was over. I was truly "saved by the bell." I had put it off for too long; I had to tell my teacher about these bullies.I went to my teacher’s desk and whined to her, "Some older kids were bullying me in the playground. They told me to cut my hair.""You should cut your hair. So much hair is disgusting" she told me most spitefully.I went to my seat crying with anger, not to those bullies or my teacher, yet to myself for being, so weird. I was now determined to cut my hair before the day was over. Finally the long awaited moment had arrived; the day was over and my Mom and Dad were waiting for me outside to go home. My dad asked me how my day was so, I told him about my horrible day. I told him about the fifth graders bullying me and the teacher’s malicious comment towards me. I told him that I wanted to cut my hair today, and that my mind was made up. Understanding my situation my parents headed towards the closest barbershop. On the way to the barbershop I started looking at my parents, with their uncut hair. And I asked them why we had to have uncut hair. My parents stopped the car and they told me everything about my religion and why we don’t cut our hair. My parents told me that a saint named Guru Gobind Singh Ji first formed the Sikh religion. God told him that he was to make a new religion, a religion, in which the members have uncut hair.Now as I look back at what my parents told me; I understand that the Khalsa was founded not only to have a religion where nothing that god gave to us was changed. People weren’t supposed to cut their hair because God gave them hair and what he gave shouldn’t be changed.

Islam and Terrorism

TABLE OF CONTENTS: Acknowledgement Chapter -1 1. 1Introduction Chapter-2 2. 1Islam 2. 2 Muslim 2. 3 Concept Of Islam 2. 4 Pillars Of Islam 2. 5 Concept Of JIHAD In Islam Chapter-3 3. 1Terrorism 3. 2 Elements Of Terrorism 3. 3 Types Of Terrorism 3. 4 Terrorist? 3. 5 Al-Qaeda 3. 6 Another Phase Chapter-4 4. 1 Islam and terrorism Chapter-5 5. 1Different Incidents 5. 1 9/11 5. 2 The Madrid Bombing 5. 3 The London Bombing 5. 4 Bombay Attack Chapter-6 6. 1Conclusion CHAPTER-1 1. 1 INTRODUCTION: Terrorism is a very vast and the most discussed topic in the contemporary world of global politics. Although it was being discussed well before 9/11, but the difference after 9/11 is that now even a lay man in the most remote part of the world is discussing it. There were times when people would say that we do not follow politics  or we do not get involved in politics. But now I think no one can run away from it, it is a part of everybody's lives, it is a part of our lives – so we better start living with it. Terrorism is an old phenomena it over the time took different shapes. Today terrorism has taken a very complicated and dangerous form. Islam is a religion and a complete code of life and totally appose terrorism. In current scenarios the basic reason of terrorism is not Islam but international politics and national interest of the nations of the world. And world powers use it as a supportive pillars. ‘‘Islam is not a source of terrorism but its solution’’ Here we discuss Islam and Terrorism and the present phenomena of so called Islamic terror. This is now days at the top of the international agenda. That is because those who emerge and carry out acts of terrorism in the name of Islam. And those who criticize these acts , represent a tiny minority in the world of Islam. Failing to understand Islam which is religion of peace and justice hey make it a tool of terrorism. In fact from the last few centuries Muslim have been said to be responsible for violence by western forces and their allies. And on the other hand Islam And on the other hand Islam rejects to respond to violence with violence. In fact Islam suggest to respond to evil with goodness. CHAPTER -2 2. 1 Islam What Does â€Å"Islam† Mean? The word â€Å"Islam† itself means â€Å"Submission to Allah. The religion of Islam is not named after a person as in the case of â€Å"Christianity† which was named after Jesus Christ, â€Å"Buddhism† after Gutama Buddha , â€Å"Marxism† after Karl Marx, and â€Å"Confucianism† after Confucius. Similarly, Islam is not named after a tribe like â€Å"Judaism† after the tribe of Judah and â€Å"Hinduism† after the Hindu s. The Arabic word â€Å"Islam† means the submission or surrender of one's will to the will of the only true god worthy of worship, â€Å"Allah†. 2. 2 Muslim Anyone who does indeed submit to the will of Allah as required by Islam is termed a â€Å"Muslim,† which means one who has submitted to the will of Allah. Many people in the West have developed the sad misinformed trend of calling Islam â€Å"Muhammadenism† and it's followers â€Å"Muhammadins. † This is a totally foreign word to Muslims and unrecognized by them. No Muslim has ever called his religion â€Å"Muhammadenism† or called himself a â€Å"Muhammadin. † 2. 3 Concept Of Islam: Islam teaches us that this life is a life of worship. We are placed on this earth in order to worship Allah and obey His command. During this earthly life we are subjected to a series of trials. We have the option of enduring these trials and conforming to certain laws, and our reward will be great in the next life, or we may decline to endure these trials and choose to not conform to the law, then we will be made to regret it in the next life. Unlike some other religions which claim that God entered in a covenant with a certain group of people and that this group is genetically better than all other human beings, or closer to God, Islam on the other hand teaches that no color, race, tribe, or lineage is better than any other. â€Å"O humankind! Verily! We have created you from a male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that you may know one another. Verily! the noblest among you in the sight of Allah is the most God-fearing. Verily! Allah is The Knower, The Aware. † The noble Qur'an, Al-Hujrat(49):13. 2. 4 Pillars Of Islam: (1) To bear witness that there is no entity worthy of worship except Allah(God) alone, and that Muhammad (pbuh) was His messenger. This establishes obedience to God Almighty alone. (2) To perform five prescribed prayers to God every day according to a specific prescribed method and at specific prescribed times. This continually reminds us to bear God in mind in all actions, either before or after any given prayer. (3) To pay two and a half percent (2. 5%) of ones wealth to charity every year if their savings exceed a certain minimum level which is considered above the poverty level. (This is the basic concept, the actual calculation is a little more complex). (4) To fast the month of Ramadhan (from the Islamic Lunar calendar) every year from sun rise until sunset. This involves not eating, drinking, or having marital relations, from sun rise until sun set. 5) To perform a pilgrimage to Makkah (in the Arabian Peninsula) once in a Muslim's lifetime if it is financially possible and their health permits. During this period, Muslims come from all over the world to join together for six days in a prescribed set of acts of worship. All Muslim men are mandated to wear the same garment which was designed to be very plain, simple, and cheap to obtain. 2. 5 Concept Of JIHAD In Islam: in the Arabic la nguage the word â€Å"Jihad† literally means, â€Å"to strive,† and â€Å"to struggle. † Some Muslim scholars further classify Jihad into following categories: 1. Jihad-an-nafs or Jihad against one’s self; 2. Jihad ash-shaitaan or Jihad against Satan; 3. Jihad al-kuffar or Jihad against disbeliever; 4. Jihad al-munafiqeen or Jihad against hypocrites; 5. Jihad al-faasiqeen or Jihad against corrupt Muslims. Qur’an-(9:5):  Ã‚   â€Å"But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the pagans wherever ye find them, And seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war) ; but if they repent (accept Islam) and establish regular prayers and practices regular charity then open the way for them; for God is oft-forgiving, Most Merciful. Qur’an-(8:65):   â€Å" O Apostle ! Rouse the believers to the fight, if there are twenty amongst you, patient and persevering , they will vanquish two hundred; if a hundred, they will vanquish a thousand of the unbelievers; for these are a people without understanding. † CHAPTER 3 3. 1 Terrorism: Acts of unlawful violence and war. Terrorism is no t a new phenomena, its is as old as creation of man. It came into existence when for the first time in the history of mankind someone intimidated others to gain his purpose. With the passage of time advancement in the methods and techniques made terrorism more complicated and artful. Terrorism is defined as a mean of extending intimidation in a systematic way by governments, groups or individuals to gain various political, religious and ideological objectives. The experts on terrorism agree that terrorism is a structure mode to spread violence and terrify people with purpose of gaining political, ideological and religious aims. 3. 2 Elements Of Terrorism: There are four elements of terrorism: ? Violence, force(83. 5%) ? Political(65%) ? Fear, emphasis on terror(51%) ? Threats(47%) ? Psychological effects and anticipated reaction(41. 5) ? Intentional, planned, systematic, organized action(32%) ? Methods of combat, strategy, tactics(30. 5%) 3. 3 Types Of Terrorism: ? Bio-Terrorism ? Chemical-Terrorism ? Cyber-Terrorism ? Nuclear-Terrorism ? Religious-Terrorism 3. 4 Terrorist? Terrorist are those group of people who commits acts of violence to produce fear, or harass or weaken or embarrass government security forces. Such groups discourage foreign investment, or assistance programs that can affect the target country’s economy. There are about 30 organization involve in terrorist activities throughout the world. Al-Qaeda is the main network of terrorist according to American think tank. 3. 5 Al-Qaeda After expulsion from Saudi Arabia, Osama bin Laden( leader of Al-Qaeda) established headquarters for al-Qaeda in Khartoum, Sudan. The first actions of al-Qaeda against American interests were attacks on U. S. servicemen in Somalia. Osama Bin Laden is on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's list of FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives for his possible involvement with the circa 1998 bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. 3. 6 Another Phase Some terrorist groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah have limited their acts to localized regions of the Middle East, while others, notably Al-Qaeda, have an international scope for their terrorist activities. Bombings An increasingly popular tactic used by terrorists is suicide bombing. This tactic is used against civilians, soldiers, and government officials of the regimes the terrorists oppose. The use of suicide bombers is seen by many Muslims as contradictory to Islam's teachings;[weasel words] however, groups who support its use often refer to such attacks as â€Å"martyrdom perations† and the suicide-bombers who commit them as â€Å"martyrs† (Arabic: shuhada, plural of â€Å"shahid†). The bombers, and their sympathizers often believe that suicide bombers, as martyrs to the cause of jihad against the enemy, will receive the rewards of paradise for their actions. Suicide attack A suicide attack (also known as suicide bombing) is an attack intended to kill other s and inflict widespread damage, while the attacker intends to die as well in the process. CHAPTER-4 4. 1 Islam And Terrorism . During the last two decades in particular, the concept of â€Å"Islamic terror† has been often discussed. In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks on targets in New York and Washington which caused the death of thousands of innocent civilians, this concept has once again returned to the top of the international agenda. Even though the hijackers have Muslim identities, the terror they perpetrated cannot be labeled â€Å"Islamic terror†, just as it would not be called â€Å"Jewish terror† if the perpetrators were Jews or â€Å"Christian terror† if they were Christians. In fact, the aggressors can commit such violence only with the intention of attacking religion itself. It may well be that they carried out this violence to present religion as evil in the eyes of people, to divorce people from religion and to generate hatred and reaction against pious people. Consequently, every attack having a â€Å"religious† facade on American citizens or other innocent people is actually an attack made against religion. All the three Theistic religions command love, mercy and peace. Terror, on the other hand, is the opposite of religion; it is cruel, merciless and it demands bloodshed and misery. This being the case, while looking for the perpetrators of a terrorist act, its origins should be sought in disbelief rather than in religion. People with a fascist, communist, racist or materialist outlook on life should be suspected as potential perpetrators. The name or the identity of the triggerman is not important. If he can kill innocent people without blinking an eye, whatever his label is, then he is a disbeliever, not a believer. He is a murderer with no fear of God, whose main ambition is to shed blood and to give harm. How we can say that Islam and Muslim are terrorist? In current scenario Muslims are the only victim of terrorism because they face terrorist activities on daily bases and also face world criticism. They are all anti-Muslims and make different prapogenda against muslim because some elements are against and oppose the progress and development of these muslim countries and want to engage them in such activities. Even as they said some muslim liberations parties as terrorist parties as they called hamas in palastine, hizbullah in lebenon, mujahidin moment in Kashmir and true Afghanistan islamist moments and many other moments as terrorist moments if they are terrorist moment then what is Israel done in palistaine, black waters in Pakistan, raw in Kashmir, fbi, and cia in Afghanistan ,Iraq, and Pakistan and also some other muslim countries. On the one side they said that they work for human rights and freedom and on the other hand they called liberation moments as terrorist moment if they claim on islam and muslims then muslimalso claim that the non muslims state are also terrorist! Islam is that religion who forbid people to harm even animal and than how a follower of islam other humans like him? They are many other form of terrorism like cyber terrorism, bio terrorism, reginol terrorism, chemical terrorism and mostly muslim countries are unfamiliar with these terms then why west emphasizes that muslim are terrorist why they cannot blame on other form of terrorism the reason is that they only against islam and muslim? For this reason, â€Å"Islamic terror† is quite a erroneous concept which contradicts Islam's message. That is because, the religion of Islam can by no means concur with terror. On the contrary, Muslims are responsible for preventing terrorist acts and bringing peace and justice to the world. Islam, a religion of mercy, does not permit terrorism. In the Quran, God has said: God does not forbid you from showing kindness and dealing justly with those who have not fought you about religion and have not driven you out of your homes. God loves just dealers. (Quran, 60:8) CHAPTER-5 Main Incidents Of Terrorism Through Out The World: 5. 1 9/11 In response to the September 11, 2001, attacks on the WTC and Pentagon, the U. S. invaded Afghanistan in October 2001 to dismantle al-Qaeda and the Taliban. Al-Qaeda's infrastructure in the country was destroyed and their military commander, Muhammed Atef, was killed. Abu Zubaydah, another top operative, was captured in Pakistan. Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri, however, escaped and are presumed alive. They release audio and video messages to the Arab media from time to time. In March 2003 the U. S. widened the war on terrorism by invading Iraq and deposing Saddam Hussein and his Baath party (see Iraq profile). The decision to encompass Iraq in â€Å"the war on terror† has been highly controversial. Although President Bush asserted that there was a working relationship between Hussein and al-Qaeda, no solid proof of collaboration between them specifically on the Sept. 1, 2001, attacks, or on any other terrorist activities has emerged. 5. 2 The Madrid Bombing On March 11, 2004, Spain's most horrific terrorist attack occurred: 202 people were killed and 1,400 were injured in bombings at Madrid's railway station. Evidence soon emerged that al-Qaeda was responsible. By April, a dozen suspects, most of them Moroccan, were arrested for the bombings. On April 4, several suspects blew themselves up during a police raid to avoid capture. Many Spaniards blamed their prime minister's staunch support of the U. S. and the war in Iraq for making Spain an al-Qaeda target. 5. 3 The London Bombing On July 7, 2005, London suffered a terrorist bombing, its worst attack since World War II. Four bombs exploded in three subway stations and on one double-decker bus during the morning rush hour, killing at least 52 and wounding more than 700. A group calling itself the Secret Organization of al-Qaeda in Europe claimed responsibility on a Web site, asserting that the attacks were a retaliation for Britain's involvement in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. A year after the bombing, British investigators concluded that the links between the bombers and al-Qaeda were marginal. The four bombers, all born in Britain, had all visited Pakistan, but there was no evidence of any direct support from al-Qaeda. 5. 4 Bombay Attack The 2008 Mumbai attacks were more than ten coordinated shooting and bombing terrorist attacks across Mumbai, India's largest city, by Islamic terrorists from Pakistan. The attacks, which drew widespread condemnation across the world, began on 26 November 2008 and lasted until 29 November, killing at least 173 people and wounding at least 308. . 5 Iraq bombing Iraq faces bomb blast and sucide bombing on daily bases. And America blame on Iraqi people while they blame America for this. 5. 6 pakistan bombing attacks Pakistan facing also facing bomblast attacks and sucide bombing attacks on daily bases and after 9/11 pakistan face a lot of problem and critical situation of security and still facing terrorist activity. As atta ck on marriot Islamabad, g. h. q Rawalpindi etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHAPTER-6 6. 1 Conclusion: In my opinion: Islam and terrorism have nothing to do with each other. But at the same time it is Islam that has made it very clear what is terrorism and who are the terrorists. We all know that there is no clear definition of terrorism in politics, but there is very clear definition by Islam. Because Islam has made very clear rules for war, and there are no abiguities whatsoever. We, the Pakistanis, are now actually the ones who are more clear about it than anyone. No doubt there were many confusions before, but after the Lal Masjid operation followed by the worst form of terrorism, Pakistanis have realised what terrorism is and who the terrorists are. Well, I might be exaggerating that all the Pakistanis have realised it, but I am quite confident that the large majority has realised it. The reason behind that is the successful military operation in Swat. As soon as Musharraf left, the things started to unfold and people started realising that they have been betrayed. Even the majority of the supporters of Musharraf now know and admit that he was playing â€Å"the double policy game. † We always knew that the tribal areas were full of merciless criminals who were involved in inhumane criminal activities who would do anything for dollars. The same criminals turned into terrorsists with a fake ideology for power. Who doesn't like to be in power? So whatever they are doing is for power and nothing to do with Islam. I have friends from those areas who are politically much aware than many of us, and they also confirm that those Muslims are involved in the most unIslamic activities. And then there are other factors of brain-washing, foreign elements, etc. But this proves that Islam has nothing to do with terrorism which Pakistan is facing. And at this moment Pakistan is the hardest-hit terrorism victim. Iraq and Afghanistan are now way behind in this regard. The only focus is now Pakistan. So it should be clear now that Islam and terrorism are not related but only being projected as one, and Pakistan is the best example. REFERENCES: http://www. faithfreedom. org/Articles/SKM/jihad. htm http://www. religioustolerance. org/isl_jihad. htm United State Policy On Terrorism BY Ahmed Ijaz Terrorism Ideology And Revolution By Noel O’Sullivan The Osama Bin Ladin I Know By Peter L. Bergen